Budjeting monitoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Budjeting monitoring - Essay Example Goals and objective are imperative aspects in budget planning (Wildavsky, 1986). These assists the planners to know how much will be spend in completing the project and how much will be needed to meet these expenditures (Rhodes, 2010). Failure to identify the objectives can result to misallocation of funds. On the other hand, when a budget is set up founded on a preceding year’s numeral, it will result to misallocation of the funds (Shultz & Open Society Institute, 2005). Using a previous year’s figure will lead to allocation of an inappropriate figure that may result to over allocation or under allocation (Maddox, 1999). While budgeting for a project or program, it is essential to budget for savings too. Some funds need to be set aside to meet unanticipated expenditures. Since the Make a Way Foundation project costs more than what was budgeted, a rationing policy would have to be adopted to ensure that all expenditures fall into the available funds (Shultz & Open Society Institute, 2005). All the miscellaneous activities would be rationed to increase the available funds to fund to project. Secondly, the budget planners will need to prioritize the requests and activities of the project (Wildavsky, 1986). The less significant activities of the project can be eliminated thus reducing the project expenditure. Finally, since the planners had not considered the savings, they will have to seek for an external source of funds to finance the project till its completion (Rhodes,

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership Essay

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership positionwithinyourorganization,oranorganizationwithwhichyouarefamiliar.Thenoteshould adviseyourcolleagueonwhatlead - Essay Example Secondly, I will brief him on the leadership theories that he could adopt for the effective management of the organisation. Thirdly, I will brief him on team work that is known to be one of the most important aspects of success within contemporary organisations. Finally, I will look into the culture of the organisation and how it impacts on decision-making. There are three important organisational theories namely scientific management, classical and bureaucratic theories. The bureaucratic theory is an impersonal framework and it could have its advantages and disadvantages within the organisation (Argyris, 2012:56). Excluding emotions within the organisation could infringe on creativity among the employees and minimizes the level of conflicts and could be the best approach while dealing with official matters in the business. The second theory is scientific management. This theory mainly focuses on employee motivation within the organisation (Barkin, 2006:13). Employee motivation is viewed as one of the major contributing factors towards success within the company. This is owing to the fact that a motivated work force works hard towards achieving the entity’s goals and objectives (Owens, 2007). This theory however notes that the major aspect contributing to employee motivation is based on compensation. Money is an important motiva ting factor among employees. However, it can be noted that other factors play an important part in employee motivation as well (Owens, 2007). The last theory is the Classical theory that is the most practical for the current situation. This concept takes the idea of employee motivation into a new level (Winkler, 2010:14). This is done by taking beliefs, ideals, values as well as the need for employee satisfaction into consideration (Owens, 2007). This is because intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation are important in employee motivation and satisfaction. However, the theory has a major weakness in that it employs

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past. Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 20

I didn't see Damon for the next few days. Father said he was spending time at the camp, an idea that clearly filled him with no small amount of pleasure. Father hoped that Damon spending time there would lead to him rejoining the army, even though I figured his hours would be spent mostly gambling and talking about women. I, for one, was glad. Of course, I missed my brother, but I would never be able to spend so much uninterrupted, unquestioned time with Katherine if Damon was around. Truthfully, although I felt disloyal to say it, Father and I adapted well to Damon being gone. We began taking meals together, companionably playing hands of cribbage after dinner. Father would share his thoughts about the day, about the overseer, and about his plans to buy new horses from a farm in Kentucky. For the hundredth time, I realized how much he wanted me to take over the estate, and for the first time, I felt excitement in that possibility. It was because of Katherine. I'd taken to spending each night in her chambers, leaving just before work began in the fields. She hadn't bared her fangs since that night in the woods. It was as if that secret meeting in the forest had changed everything. She needed me to keep her secret, and I needed her to keep me whole. In her small, dim bedroom, everything was passionate and perfect–it almost felt as if we were newlyweds. Of course, I wondered how it would work, me growing older each year as Katherine stayed just as young and beautiful. But that was a question for later, after the fear of the vampire scourge was over, after we were engaged, after we'd settled into a life without hiding. â€Å"I know you've been spending time with young Katherine,† Father said one night at the dinner table, as Alfred cleared the table and brought Father his well-worn deck of cards for us to play. â€Å"Y es.† I watched as Alfred poured sherry into Father's glass. In the flickering candlelight, the normally pink liquid looked like blood. He held the decanter to me, but I shook my head. â€Å"So has young Damon,† Father observed, taking the card deck in his thick fingers and slowly palming it from hand to hand. I sighed, annoyed that Damon had once again come into a conversation about Katherine. â€Å"She needs a friend. Friends,† I said. â€Å"That she does. And I'm glad that you've been able to provide her with companionship,† Father said. He placed the cards facedown on the table and glanced at me. â€Å"Y know, I don't know very much about her ou Atlanta relations. I'd heard of her through one of my shipping partners. Very sad, a girl orphaned by my shipping partners. Very sad, a girl orphaned by Sherman's battle, but there aren't very many other Pierces that say they know of her.† I shifted nervously. â€Å"Pierce is a common enough name. And maybe she doesn't want to be affiliated with some of her relations.† I took a deep breath. â€Å"I'm sure there are other Salvatores out there that we haven't heard of.† â€Å"There's a good point,† Father said, taking a sip of his sherry. â€Å"Salvatore isn't a common name, but it's a good one. Which is why I hope you and Damon know what you're getting into.† I looked up sharply. â€Å"Fighting over the same girl,† Father said simply. â€Å"I wouldn't want you to lose your relationship. I know I don't always see eye to eye with your brother, but he's your flesh and blood.† I cringed, the familiar phrase suddenly complicated. But if Father noticed, he didn't say anything. He picked up the deck and glanced at me expectantly. â€Å"Shall we play?† he asked, already beginning to deal six cards to me. I picked up my stack, but instead of looking at the cards, I glanced out of the corner of my eye, to see if I could spot any movement from the carriage house through the window. Alfred walked into the room. â€Å"Sir, you have a guest.† â€Å"A guest?† Father asked curiously, half standing up from the table. We rarely had guests come to the estate unless there was a party. Father always preferred meeting acquaintances in town or at the tavern. â€Å"Please forgive my intrusion.† Katherine walked in, her thin arms filled with a bouquet of flowers of all different shapes and sizes–roses and hydrangeas and lilies of the valley. â€Å"Emily and I were picking the flowers by the pond, and I thought you might appreciate some color.† Katherine offered a small grin as Father stiffly held out his hand for her to shake. He'd barely had a four-word conversation with Katherine since she'd arrived. I held my breath, as anxious as I would be if I were introducing Father to my betrothed. â€Å"Thank you, Miss Pierce,† Father said. â€Å"And our house is your house. Please don't feel you need to ask permission to come visit. We'd love to have you, whenever you wish to spend time with us.† â€Å"Thank you. I wouldn't want to be an imposition,† she said, batting her eyelashes in a way that was irresistible for any man. â€Å"Please, have a seat,† Father said, settling down at the head of the table. â€Å"My son and I were just preparing to play a hand of cards, but we can certainly put them away.† Katherine eyed our game. â€Å"Cribbage! My father and I always used to play. May I join you?† She flashed a smile as she settled into my chair and picked up my hand. Instantly, she frowned and began rearranging the cards. How could she, when worried for her very existence, be so carefree and enchanting? â€Å"Why, of course, Miss Pierce. If you'd like to play, I'd be honored, and I'm sure my son would be happy to help you.† â€Å"Oh, I know how to play.† She set a card in the center of the table. â€Å"Good,† Father said, putting his own card on top of hers. â€Å"And, you know, I do worry about you and your maid, all alone in the carriage house. If you want to move to the main house, please, just let me know and your wish is my command. I thought that you would like some privacy, but with things as they are and all the danger †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Father trailed off. Katherine shook her head, a shadow of a frown crossing her face. â€Å"I'm not frightened. I lived through a lot in Atlanta,† she said, placing an ace on the table faceup. â€Å"Besides, the servants' quarters are so close, they would hear me if I screamed.† As Father placed a seven of spades on the table, Katherine touched my knee, slowly brushing it with a feathery stroke. I flushed at the intimate contact when my father was so close, but I didn't want her to stop. Katherine placed a five of diamonds on the card pile. â€Å"Thirteen. I think I may be on a lucky streak, Mr. Salvatore,† she said, moving her peg one spot on the cribbage board. Father broke into a delighted grin. â€Å"Y ou're quite a girl. Stefan's never really understood the rules of this game.† The door slammed, and Damon walked into the room, his rucksack over his shoulder. He shrugged it off onto the floor, and Alfred picked it up. Damon didn't seem to notice. â€Å"Looks like I'm missing all the fun,† Damon said, his tone accusatory as his gaze flicked from Father back to me. â€Å"Y are,† Father said simply. Then he actually ou glanced up and smiled at him. â€Å"Y oung Katherine here is proving that she's not only beautiful but that she has brains, too. An intoxicatingly infuriating combination,† Father said, noticing that Katherine had racked up an additional point on the board when he wasn't looking. â€Å"Thank you,† Katherine said, deftly discarding and picking up a new card. â€Å"Y ou're making me blush. Although I do admit that I think your compliments are just an elaborate plan for distracting me so you can win,† Katherine said, barely bothering to acknowledge Damon. I strode over to Damon. We stood together in the doorway, watching Katherine and Father. Damon crossed his arms over his chest. â€Å"What is she doing here?† â€Å"Playing cards.† I shrugged. â€Å"Do you really think that's wise?† Damon lowered his voice. â€Å"Given his opinions on her †¦ provenance.† â€Å"But don't you see? It's brilliant. She's charming him. I haven't heard him laugh so hard since Mother died.† I felt suddenly delirious with happiness. This was better than anything I could have planned. Instead of trying to come up with an elaborate plot to push Father off the vampire trail, Father would simply see that Katherine was human. That she still had emotions and wouldn't do any harm save for ruining his winning streak at cribbage. â€Å"So what?† Damon asked. â€Å"He's a madman on the hunt. A few smiles won't change that.† Katherine erupted into giggles as Father put down a card. I lowered my voice. â€Å"I think if we let him know about her, he'd change his mind. He'd realize that she doesn't mean any harm.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† Damon hissed, clenching my arm. His breath smelled like whiskey. â€Å"If Father knew about Katherine, he'd kill her in an instant! How do you know he's not already planning something?† Just then Katherine let out a peal of laughter. Father threw his head back, adding his hoarse laugh to hers. Damon and I fell silent as she glanced up from her cards. She found us with her eyes and winked. But since Damon and I were standing side by side, it was impossible to tell who it was meant for.

The Bombing Of Pearl Harbor - 1021 Words

The past 120 years have brought many changes, as well as surprises, to the United States of America. There have been inventions such as the automobile, the airplane, the television and even travel in space. There have been changes like the World Wars, Prohibition, the Great Depression and the cold war. Through the years, the American people have encountered joy, peace, and tragedy. One of the greatest tragedies experienced by Americans occurred on Sunday, December 7, 1941, the bombing of Pearl Harbor Naval Base. One could consider this incident the first act of terrorism against America. The attack and defeat of the United States at Pearl Harbor forced America into World War II. This single act left a tremendous impact on society and is†¦show more content†¦In July 1940, the U.S. placed an embargo on Japan, hoping they would restrain Japan s military aggression in China. Japan, a proud nation, would not hear of being dictated to by the United States and began to prepare for the attack on Pearl Harbor in early 1941. Meanwhile, there was some warning of the attack on America, but it went without being duly acknowledged. The day before the attack occurred, a code-breaker intercepted a message from the Japanese concerning the movement of ships at Pearl Harbor. The operator relayed the message to the superior officers who said they would get back to the radioman on Monday, December 8, 1941 (Socolow 43). Also, on the morning of the attack, a radar operator saw a large group of airplanes on the radar screen, and when he reported this, the senior officer said it was probably just some US Bombers and not to worry about them (HistoryNet.Com). The Japanese planes flew under the radar by flying through a pass in the mountains called Kolekole Pass. This maneuver added to the surprise of the attack. The frantic attack began on Sunday at 7:55 in the morning. A little before ten the entire attack was over (Pearl Harbor, Attack On). The men of Pearl Harbor fought with valor. The battleships, primary targets in the attack, remained anchored along an area referred to as â€Å"Battleship Row†. Within minutes after the assault began the USS Arizona sunk to the bottom of the bay taking 1,177 lives with her

Analysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer As...

Mark Twain is one of the foremost satire writers, and he is well-known for uses his sense of humor to criticize the 19th society in America’s and propagate his ideal world through The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. People commented Twain as â€Å"Twain does not confine himself to telling a simple children s story. He is, as always, the satirist and commentator on the foibles of human nature†(Roberts), Twain does use his sense of satire in the classical America book: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as well. The novel is about a group of young children who feels abhorrent about the rigid social expectations and attempts to fight against the major American’s choices, which juxtaposes to adults world and depicts a dark society during the 19th century.†¦show more content†¦During Tom’s summer vacation, he is required to follow the obligations as a result of joining Cadets of Temperance to get the chance to wear â€Å"regalia†. Unfortunately, Tom cannot insist on obeying all the regulations, such as no smoking, chewing and profanity, which if Tom doesn’t obey, Tom would lose a chance to wear â€Å"regalia†. However, Tom does put his hope on when will the old Judge Frazer die — the time for him to wear the â€Å"regalia†. As it described in the book, â€Å"†¦ but he soon gave that up–gave it up before he had worn his shackles over forty-eight hours-–and fixed his hopes upon old Judge Frazer, justice of the peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  ()that demonstrates how evil Tom is in putting his hope on other’s death. Lastly, when people knew that Tom and Huckleberry searched for the treasure that over ten thousand dollars, people are stirred by Tom and Huckleberry’s windfall and they some actions. For example, â€Å"Every haunted house in St. Petersburg and the neighboring villages was dissected†¦ ransacked for hidden treasure† (226). The action of searching all the haunt ed houses indicates people’s greed about money. Thus, people’s evil and greed have been denominated through showing a nasty side of human nature. Furthermore, the blind conformity of people is revealed in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in order to criticize the social conventions in name only (Ã¥ ½ ¢Ã¥ Å'虚è ® ¾). People are devoted to their religion without seeking for their true desire. In the novel,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn752 Words   |  4 Pagesitself as well as everything in it. In the 1880s classic American novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain urges individuals to release themselves from the current bonds of society to achieve a greater level of happiness. In order to reach the greater level of happiness unreachable in the current circumstances of society, individuals must learn from and mimic nature’s methods which nature utilizes to better itself. 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Essay about Anorexia Nervosa in Males An Often Overlooked...

For many the term â€Å"Anorexia† conjures up memories of bone thin, weight obsessed teenage girls, models, and actresses. However, as the spotlight has been shined on Anorexia bringing this secretive and quiet disorder to a wider public perception, many still suffer in silence: either too ashamed to seek treatment, or because of an improper diagnosis. Over three million men each year are affected by Anorexia. In spite of this, men are less likely to be diagnosed, and the disorder is often overlooked due to the misconception that it is a â€Å"girl’s disease†. Unlike females, who are generally afraid to become overweight in an image obsessed society, males affected by the disorder tend to believe they are overweight, suffer from depression, or from†¦show more content†¦As with females, body image among males is a prevailing symptom and underlying motivation for the development and continuation of the disorder. Anorexia is a terrible disorder that ravages the body as it seems to bring comfort to the mind. A female anorexic tends to lose mostly body fat. Men primarily lose muscle tissue and tone. As this is destroyed it takes its toll on the body. Bone loss, heart muscle loss, and anemia are just a few of the ways this disorder affects the body. The two main causes of death with Anorexia are cardiac arrest and terminal dehydration. These are typically brought on by complications of starving the body of required nutrients for long periods of time. Typically, the initial onset of Anorexia strikes in the teen years and continues into young adulthood. During this time, many of those who suffer from symptoms of Anorexia develop a distorted body image. Among men, full blown Anorexia tends to develop later. As previously discussed, Anorexia in males is typically a response to being overweight. Men who develop the disorder generally try to lose weight by restricting their caloric intake and with intense exercise. Men, like women, are being increasingly targeted with similar unrealistic body images. Skinnier models in fashion and an accepted cultural belief that â€Å"a real man† has six pack abs, has created a social atmosphere that causes young males who may be of a healthyShow MoreRelatedBulimia Nervos Anorexia Nervosa2594 Words   |  11 PagesBulimia Nervosa Bulimia originated in Greece, from the word boulimia, which is defined as extreme hunger (the Bella Vita, 2013). Bulimia falls into the category of being a purge disorder, a lot of the time people that struggle with bulimia may have times where they battle with anorexia nervosa, meaning they restrict themselves from eating. There have been so many cases where people battle with bulimia for years upon years, despite the large variety of treatment there is. There are many perspectivesRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1456 Words   |  6 Pagesperson’s behavior based on the appropriate and acceptable rules for their gender. This notion derives from the assumption that girls favor dolls and dress-up, while boys prefer toy guns and trucks. These instances contribute to the concept that those of male and female gender must fulfill a specific ideology. These societal standards are ingrained within us as children and we are taught to become exceedingly aware of them. Girls are trai ned to become vessels of unstable emotions with an excess amount ofRead More Fashion Magazines and Body Image Essay5340 Words   |  22 Pages(Altabe Thompson, 1993; Brenner Cunningham, 1992; Davis Cowles, 1991; Koff, Rierdan, Stubbs, 1990; Mintz Betz, 1986). Even women who can be classified as being within or slightly below the normal weight range for their height often perceive themselves as being overweight and are dissatisfied with their bodies. Body image dissatisfaction is a crucial area of investigation because of its relationship to low self-esteem (Koff, Rierdan, Stubbs, 1990) and to depression (RierdanRead MorePsy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders7746 Words   |  31 Pageshaving a panic attack), Social Anxiety Disorder (e.g., being embarrassed in public), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g, anxiety about being contaminated), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., anxiety about being away from home or close relatives), Anorexia Nervosa (e.g., fear of gaining weight), Somatization Disorder (e.g., anxiety about multiple physical complaints), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (e.g., worry about perceived appearance flaws), Hypchondriasis (e.g., belief about having a serious illness), and